Comparative Study of Siddhartha (Hesse) and A Hero of Our Time Essay

Near Study of Siddhartha (Hesse) and A Hero of Our Time (Lermontov) - Essay Example A more intensive glance at the two characters, be that as it may, makes a few intriguing disclosures. Siddhartha was brought into the world a ruler. Be that as it may, he was not content with what he was and what he found in his general surroundings [He was a wellspring of happiness for everyone, he was a joy for them all. Yet, he, Siddhartha, was not a wellspring of bliss for himself, he found no get a kick out of himself (Hesse 4)]. He saw no significance in the conventions and customs of Hinduism and the Vedic culture, the main religion in India around then. The interest to locate the importance and motivation behind human presence made him eager. A similar eagerness, radicalism, negativity and contempt for the current foundations portray Pechorin. His defects not withstanding, it must be said that Pechorin, much like the Buddha, was mindful and self-ingested [Pechorin: â€Å"Mine is a terrible manner; regardless of whether it is the aftereffect of my childhood or whether it is n atural †I know not.† (Chapter IX)]. At the point when the world will in general consider Siddhartha a holy person and Pechorin an agnostic, it demonstrates that the focuses where the two started their excursions were close however the focuses where they wound up may be total opposites. That will undoubtedly be in spite of an elevated level of mindfulness on account of the distinction where their focuses lied. Pechorin was conceited and Siddhartha was other-focused [Siddhartha: â€Å"Once each craving and each desire was quiet in the heart, at that point a definitive piece of me needed to conscious, the deepest of my being, which is not, at this point my self, the extraordinary secret.† (10)]. One pushed the cognizant decimation of want while the other put stock in purposely obliterating the individuals who came in the method of his satisfaction of wants. Once more, for both, these finishes were a higher priority than life itself. One of the remedies of the Indian a usterity was to starve the body with the goal that the hankering for common things would progressively be vanquished. Siddhartha had a rectification to make. Despite the fact that he was against overindulgence, his thought was that a drained, dormant body and psyche can't set themselves up for freedom or salvation except if the fundamental needs are satisfied. This is in closeness to the embodiment of Abraham Maslow’s hypothesis of inspiration in which he gives physiological requirements the significance that is because of them, however just to that degree. From this point of view, Pechorin has striking lucidity with respect to what the fundamental needs of people are. He pronounces without beating around the bush that force and desire are basic for joy [Pechorin: â€Å"Ambition is nothing more nor not exactly a hunger for power. To be the reason for misery and euphoria to another †without at all having any positive option to be so †isn’t that the best nouri shment for our pride? What's more, what is satisfaction? Fulfilled pride.† (Chapter VIII)]. One thing that can be set up certain is that the characters under investigation were very unique in relation to the rest in view of their disposition. When every other person was content with the manner in which things occurred, they were exhausted with them and didn't think so. This fatigue made them set out on their excursions of investigation. They responded to the occasions of life in an extraordinary manner. Both couldn't distinguish themselves with their counterparts. They would not simply like to live yet looked to feel life, to encounter it. Siddhartha’s renunciation was as much propelled from this urgency as Pechorin’

s Ideas

Newman’s Ideas As per Newman, the â€Å"Idea of a University† is the unparalleled genuine approach to continue on and get fruitful throughout everyday life. . He asks the normal open to carry on with the school life and raise their degree of training and mind. His ways of thinking motivate me to seek after my energy for PCs and start a vocation in PC programming. He, as well, has enlivened numerous to become researchers and raise the degree of society all in all. His ideas ought to be considered exceptionally by for a superior personal satisfaction, and a superior tomorrow. It is a well established truth; most of individuals who don't go to school, don't encounter accomplishment in their future. In this manner, my objective in life is to follow Newman’s Idea of a University and focus on an advanced education. Another of my objectives is to accomplish social and monetary solidness so I can carry on with an agreeable life. I need to have the option to adjust to some random circumstance, much the same as some other instructed individual would have the option to as per Newman’s thoughts. Without an advanced degree, the regular open isn't set up forever. As indicated by Newman’s thought, the reason for a college is to â€Å"cultivate the mind.† He expresses that, on the grounds that any given individual is had practical experience in one significant, doesn’t imply that the individual in question portion not think about different subjects. A college is a network which gains from one another. Thusly, the individuals from the college get data from others in a similar network. This permits everybody to find out about an assortment of subjects; subsequently, all individuals become increasingly instructed in a wide scope of themes. Getting instruction at a college is one of the best changes that can occur in an individual’s life. This can absolutely divert the bearing where somebody is going and change their future. Individuals, who might ordinarily have the lowest pay permitted by law employments without instruction, can become pioneers of the network on the off chance that they decided to take the privilege ... 's Ideas Free Essays on Newman's Ideas Newman’s Ideas As per Newman, the â€Å"Idea of a University† is the unparalleled genuine approach to continue on and get fruitful throughout everyday life. . He encourages the basic open to carry on with the school life and raise their degree of training and astuteness. His methods of reasoning motivate me to seek after my enthusiasm for PCs and start a vocation in PC programming. He, as well, has propelled numerous to become researchers and raise the degree of society all in all. His ideas ought to be considered exceptionally by just for a superior personal satisfaction, and a superior tomorrow. It is a well established truth; most of individuals who don't go to school, don't encounter achievement in their future. In this manner, my objective in life is to follow Newman’s Idea of a University and focus on an advanced education. Another of my objectives is to accomplish social and monetary dependability with the goal that I can carry on with an agreeable life. I need to have the option to adjust to some random circumstance, much the same as some other taught individual would have the option to as indicated by Newman’s thoughts. Without an advanced degree, the normal open isn't set up forever. As indicated by Newman’s thought, the motivation behind a college is to â€Å"cultivate the mind.† He expresses that, in light of the fact that any given individual is worked in one significant, doesn’t imply that the person in question portion not think about different subjects. A college is a network which gains from one another. In this manner, the individuals from the college get data from others in a similar network. This permits everybody to find out about an assortment of subjects; therefore, all individuals become increasingly instructed in a wide scope of themes. Accepting a training at a college is one of the best changes that can occur in an individual’s life. This can absolutely divert the course where somebody is going and change their future. Individuals, who might ordinarily have the lowest pay permitted by law employments without instruction, can become pioneers of the network on the off chance that they decided to take the privilege ...

How Will Nanotechnology Affect Dentistry and Medicine

How Will Nanotechnology Affect Dentistry and Medicine Have you ever seen a monitor the thickness of which is less than a millimeter? Have you ever touched a sheet of fire- and waterproof paper? Have you ever thought about clothes that can never become dirty? Actually, this is what we are going to witness in the near future. This is nanotechnology that can give us such amazing benefits just within the next decade. The fact that technology is a way of producing objects is known to everyone. Nanotechnology is a set of methods that allow you to create objects of Nano size (from 1 to 100 nm). A prefix «Nano » means «dwarf » in Greek and is used to show how microscopically small a nanometer is. One nanometer is 0.000000001 m (one billionth of a meter). Lets try to imagine an object of this size. A nanometer is shorter than a meter about as much as a walnut is smaller than the earth. Dimensions of several nanometers have large molecules, for example, proteins. Atoms and ordinary molecules are smaller: they are measured in tenths of a nanometer. Such objects have special properties. These properties of nanomaterials allow them to be used for the latest scientific achievements. As for now, nanotechnology is the most promising and government-sponsored area in the world science. Nanotechnology in medicine articles appears more and more often each day. The application of nanotechnologies is so long-awaited mainly because of their great prospects for different spheres of medicine. Although many scientists point at some disadvantages of nanotechnology in medicine, the fact is that Nano sensors will ensure progress in the early detection of diseases, which might increase the chances of recovery. Scientists will be able to defeat cancer and other diseases. Old cancer drugs used to destroy not only diseased cells but also healthy ones. With the help of nanotechnology, the drug will be delivered directly to the diseased cell. As we have mentioned above, pros and cons of nanotechnology in healthcare are widely discussed, but lets stick to the pros first. There are many aspects of dentistry and medicine where Nano medicine is going to replace the traditional methods and even create new medical niches. Here are only some of these niches which are predicted to occur in the nearest future: Nano diagnostics Regenerative medicine Surgical Nano robots Nano dentistry Nano diagnostics Nano diagnostics is one of the most vivid potential advantages of nanomedicine. Scientists predict that Nano devices will help doctors to identify any disease on its early stages or even predict its possible development due to genetic predisposition. Regenerative medicine Nanotechnologies can bring new strategies to regenerative medicine, including some effective techniques for repairing or even replacing the damaged tissues. The most recent findings are based on the results of a study by Taiwanese scientists. In the conclusion of the article, it is stated that understanding the mechanisms of interaction of nanomaterials with stem cells can help to create cell-mediated combined technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Surgical Nano robots Imagine that you have caught a common cold and immediately pay a visit to your doctor. But instead of prescribing you a pill, the doctor sends you to a medical center that will «run » tiny robots into your blood. These robots will find out the cause of your illness, choose an exact system of organs and deliver the necessary dose of the drug directly to the «affected area ». You will be surprised, but modern medicine is not so far from such devices, which are already partially used. These specific devices are called Nano bots, which were created on the basis of Nano electronic structures and biotechnologies and acquire new physicochemical properties that differ from the constituent molecules and atoms. Such Nano robots will be able to function in the human body and perform a variety of functions, from monitoring molecular and cellular processes to diagnosing and repairing the whole body. Scientists think that nanotechnology in medicine drug delivery will be available very soon. Nano dentistry Many modern scientists are currently working on the possibility of «growing » teeth in return for the lost ones by means of molecular structural construction. Some scoffers claim that this option will be both among advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology in medicine because people will become healthier but all dentists will lose their jobs. But they are wrong because any process should be managed by a highly qualified specialist, without whom all the super technologies will hardly function better than a heap of scrap metal. How can nanotechnologies help in combating cancer? Nanotechnology which is related to cancer research aims to detect cancer cells in the patients body and develop the technology which will possibly treat these cancer cells. Such trials give scientists a chance to diagnose cancer on early stages and even prevent the development or relapse of an already existing disorder. Potential solutions for cancer patients are among the most well-known pros of nanotechnology in medicine. Risks of nanotechnology in medicine Meanwhile, some studies still show the likelihood of harm from components at the nanoscale. For example, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (UK) found that when mice breathe carbon nanotubes, they get lung damage which is similar to the effects of asbestos. Besides, according to one theory, nanomaterials can adversely affect DNA. Most of the scientists are not in a hurry to draw conclusions before the full information about the subject of the discussion appears. The same authors of the study with the participation of mice call for greater transparency in the nanotechnology industry. More recently, the US National Research Council and the British Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution also pointed to a lack of data on the potential threat of nanotechnology. And the European Parliament expressed the need to develop clear rules and regulations in this area. As we see, advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology in healthcare are not equally vivid, and this makes sense to wait for Nano technological progress with impatience.

The Benefits Of Business Management - 973 Words

Another benefit the CRM software provides to the B2B company is that this tool can provide assistance with cost-saving solutions for the user and its company (Meredith, 2004). The I-CRM (intelligent CRM) system has the ability to report and tracks marketing trends and spending, which allow for the company to itemize and remain informed of the needed information to distinguish monetary occurrences (Spiller Baier, 2012). The fact that the system is also useful for it timely and rapid service effects gives the company foreseen savings with a potential future issue with customers and the loss of their business. â€Å"It is shown that on average a customer acquisition cost can be higher than that of a customer retention cost (Santoso Erdaka,†¦show more content†¦The use of this system can help to sort through a large assortment of data in a way that can be useful for the B2B company and the industries it works with. This information can justify decisions based on consumer info rmation and be practices for the company to follow in order to be more successful in their marketing tactics. Through a process where customer information as an intangible asset that can be used in the organization to create capabilities that can lead to advantage (Hooley, 2001). A B2B company is dealing with other large corporations and businesses by communicating with a direct personality. When the B2B deals with them, they arent marketing to a person-consumer but instead a business-consumer. The understanding that this is a much more complex and difficult industry to penetrate because finding out the consumer’s behaviors and preference can be harder and elusive to other companies and the important information used for marketing purposes is harder to find or even know. A stronger marketing performance through a CRM software is that â€Å"organizational factors such as teamwork and vision and the overall trust/data quality relationship are necessary to manage customer info rmation well in B2B firms† (Zahay, 2008). Predictive Analytics Software The use of predictive analytical software can provide key enhancements in the companys successful endeavors through traditionalShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Business Management721 Words   |  3 PagesAs the VP I would need to start by looking the association was being run, while overseeing transportation, warehousing and distinctive methodologies for collaborations. How lean the association was being run, researching the demand lines Vs. hours worked, and mean shipments Vs. hours worked. By looking realities you can modify the system to bargain inside the method. Looking measure of slip-ups that are impacted either inside the item to house or in the midst of travel would moreover outline whatRead MoreProgramme Management : Program Management1121 Words   |  5 PagesProgramme Management Approach There is confusion in literature regarding the definition of programme management. Tjahjana, Dwyer and Habib (2009) describe programme management as the alignment of ongoing projects within an organization. Pennypacker and Ritchie (2005), on the other hand, define it as the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to programme activities to meet the programme requirements. Morris and Jamieson (2004) argue that most companies consider that programme management impliesRead MoreA Brief Note On People Face Trade Offs982 Words   |  4 Pagesdecision-making principles, I will provide and support my choice. To begin with, in the scenario, I have three different courses and I have to select one. The three courses include business management, mathematics, and economics. These courses provide and include different benefits and disadvantages and my choice should predict high benefits and incentives. There are various jobs related to mathematics such as high school math teacher, market research analysis, and inventory control specialist. Pursuing mathematicsRead MoreAction Plan For Implementation Of Three Large Supermarket Distribution Warehouses1148 Words   |  5 Pageswarehouse employs approximately 20-30 people. Typically, the workforce of each warehouse comprises the following: - One warehouse business manager - Picking and packing team, including manual loaders and unloaders, forklift drivers, et cetera - Distribution team, including drivers - Checkout team Each Team has one team leader. According to operational plans, the business plans to lift distribution capacity by 15% overall to meet projected demand. The target for Caboolture warehouse is 20%. 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Why WP should implement an ERM process and what are the benefits to WP’s stakeholder? Imply ERM in WP will provide the following benefits: 1. Unacceptable performance variability reduction: the profit provided by WP over last few years varies significantly from $0 to $1,000,000. ERM will provide assessing theRead MoreEnterprise Resource Planning ( Erp )1539 Words   |  7 PagesEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is extensively adopted by many organizations regardless of kind and size, mainly because it provides enterprise wide view of information across all their business operations and help organizations achieve consistency across all their functional departments. The potential benefits of ERP system implementation include improved coordination across functional areas, increased efficiency, reduced operational costs, rapid access to information for decision making, managerialRead MoreEvolution Of Human Resource Management1046 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resource Management The evolution of Human Resource Management has transitioned from a very simple administrative function to a very multifaceted strategic function that still includes administrative, operational, and strategic tasks in the organization. In the beginning of Human Resource Management, the roles of Human Resource personnel was mainly just to hire employees, deal with compensation, benefits, legal issues, and the firing of employees. Today, Human Resources Management has progressedRead MoreDevelop A Change Management Plan1130 Words   |  5 Pagestask 2 Develop a change management plan: Change characteristics will include: The scope of the change: The change project will be focusing on involving all the current business stakeholders to participate in any of the business project and get their full commitment. Number of people to be impacted: Impacted people will be 30. Whether they are being impacted the same, or experiencing the change differently: they will experience the change differently as all the required business participants will takeRead MoreIncorporating Conflict Management and Negotiation into the Field of Information Communication Technology1522 Words   |  6 Pagesreport was written for the University of the Sunshine Coast with a purpose to make recommendations for incorporating conflict management and negotiation into the field of information communication technology. The report clearly outlined two conflict management skills and one negotiation skill and briefly described and outlined the benefits and challenges. Conflict management is the process of limiting and controlling the negative conflict while increasing and controlling the positive conflict. Negotiation

A P By John Updike - 1422 Words

It is often said that people gain wisdom and maturity as they age because of the things they experience. Almost everyone has dreams of something they want to accomplish someday in their life. In John Updike’s short story, â€Å"AP†, Sammy, the protagonist of the short story, is a nineteen-year-old boy who ends up quitting his job because he accidentally realizes the greater goals he wants to accomplish in his life, although initially it was because he wanted to stand up for some girls who Sammy found attractive. In this â€Å"AP†, Updike decides to write a story with a point of view of a young man. This short story may not be comparable to some masterpieces in short stories, but this story has its own uniqueness because of its simplicity. One drawback about the story is that when Updike starts â€Å"AP† it doesn’t tell the readers what its going to be about, he goes straight into it, and it takes a while for the reader to understand what they are actually reading, but when they do, it is a very enjoyable for readers to read, even young readers will find fun to read. John Updike, uses some foreshadowing in some parts of â€Å"AP†, especially to show the hatred Sammy has for his job and how he wants to get out of here. You can tell he is tired of this job with his lengthy aisle descriptions like, Updike uses a foreshadow that tells us something is going to happen at end of the story because of the sadness that is going to come afterwards when he Sammy says, â€Å" This foreshadowing obviouslyShow MoreRelatedA P By John Updike982 Words   |  4 PagesThe story that this research paper is being written over is â€Å"AP† by John Updike. This story is filled with good grammar and has a well written plot and good transition. A person reading the story â€Å"AP† could see it as an interesting story filled with good symbolism. The main character, Sammy, uses a great deal of symbolism when describing the three girls in bathing suits who walked into the store he works in. the three girls in bathing suits that walked into the store where the center of the wholeRead MoreA P By John Updike1190 Words   |  5 PagesA P is a story of Sammy who is a 19 year old boy working as a clerk at a grocery store in a small town in New England. Published back in 1961 narrative defi ning A P is the popular mythology of 1960s basically where youthful rebellion powers took over the soulless system. (Sustana) Therefore Updike has written a story that includes key elements of myth along with the background of postwar prosperity and the attendant consumer culture. Where there is a strong hint of the Cold War as hero characterRead MoreA P By John Updike1704 Words   |  7 PagesIn the story AP by John Updike a young cashier by the name of Sammy learns about the power of desire and the mystery of others minds when working at an AP supermarket in a small town north of Boston in the 1960’s, where there was a lot of social norms and many people didn’t step out of them. The young nineteen-year-old Sammy wasn’t expecting his Thursday shift at AP to go the way it did when income three young girls but, these are not your socially normal teenagers who come walking in the doorRead MoreA P By John Updike843 Words   |  4 Pageshelp establish the uniqu eness of his or her use of speech through the story’s title, structure, punctuation, setting and the communication between characters. In the story A P by John Updike, the author sets the story in a very ordinary place where everyday people go shopping for their groceries, in a market known as A P. Updike’s style within the story shows many aspects of ordinary life. For example, in the first sentence of the story, the narrator Sammy uses incorrectly the word walks, â€Å"InRead MoreA P By John Updike1160 Words   |  5 Pagesthe girls’ exit and regret fills him. What he thinks is noble and just becomes a changed, regretful soul. In â€Å"AP† by John Updike, the symbolism portrays the theme of the desire for change. The girls’ immodesty is a symbol of rebellion, revealing the theme of the desire for change. As Sammy acknowledges in the short story, the story takes place â€Å"north of Boston† (Updike 360). The estimated time period is the 1960s. At this time, most of the younger generation longed for change, whichRead MoreAP by John Updike512 Words   |  2 Pages â€Å"AP† by John Updike is a story about a boy who learns that all actions have consequences. In â€Å"AP† three girls walk in to the store AP in nothing but their bathing suits. Sammy one of the stores cashiers describes what the girls are wearing and what they do throughout the story. The girls walk up and down the aisles catching the attention of many of the other customers. The girls then get in line at Sammy’s checkout, the manager Lengel walks up and tells the girls they will have to leave thisRead MoreA P, By John Updike1019 Words   |  5 Pagespsychoanalytical lens can be used to analyze AP, a short story by John Updike, lone, a piece of art by John William Godward, and â€Å"To My Best Friend - Short Film†. Through this lens, readers can draw the theme that all humans have basic instincts and urges that lie in the unconscious mind. Throughout Updike’s AP, it stands clear that we are always being influenced by fundamental human desires. AP is told from the perspective of Sammy, a teenage cashier at AP. In the beginning of the story, three teenageRead MoreA P By John Updike1441 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Updike is considered one of the greatest writers in modern American history. He is known for the idea that seemingly ordinary aspects of American life are actually quite fascinating. He wanted readers to see the beauty and magic of life, so he tried to describe everyday things using the most clear but beautiful language possible. Many of Updike’s pieces are drawn from his own life such as his marriage and his boyhood, as shown in three of his short stories: â€Å"AP†, â€Å"Ace in the Hole†, and â€Å"PigeonRead MoreA P By John Updike765 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Updike wrote, â€Å"A P† in 1961. In this era of the 1950s and early 1960s, conservative dress mirrored conserv ative social values. Conformity was the measure of popularity as well as a measure of moral rightness. During this time, people were more afraid of being labeled outsiders than they were afraid of the outsiders themselves (â€Å"A P†). Gender issues and the emergence of feminist consciousness are represented when Lengel states the rules that proclaim the girls are decently dressed-codingRead MoreA P By John Updike1033 Words   |  5 Pageshow we face these decisions will have an impact in our lives, and sometimes the ones that seem to be small are the most important ones. John Updike understood how making decision affects people’s life, and he develops it in his short story â€Å"A P,† which is the story of an unhappy boy who quits his job for a pretty girl. In order to develop this theme, John Updike takes Sammy, the main character of the story, through three different stages. In the beginning stage, Sammy is just a boy who is not happy

Myopia In Asian Countries Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(120) " who have non undergone old surgery, the value at the centre of the cornea is approximately the same as the value at 3\." Vision consequences from entryway of visible radiation into the oculus and the reading of this stimulation by the encephalon. For a normal oculus, visible radiation is focused to a topographic point on the retina. This message would so be sent to the encephalon to be interpreted as a message. We will write a custom essay sample on Myopia In Asian Countries Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ocular sharp-sightedness is defined as the lucidity or acuteness of vision, which is the ability of the oculus to see and separate mulct inside informations. [ 1 ] . The cornea is the most powerful refracting surface of the optical system of the oculus, accounting for two-thirds of the oculus ‘s focusing power. Production of a crisp image at the retinal receptors requires corneal transparence and appropriate refractile power. The refractile power of the cornea depends on its curvature and the difference in refractile indexes between it and air [ 9 ] . Refractive mistakes occur when the curve of the cornea is irregularly shaped ( excessively steep or excessively level ) . When the cornea is of normal form and curvature, it bends, or refracts, visible radiation on the retina with preciseness. However, when the curve of the cornea is irregularly shaped, the cornea bends light amiss on the retina.A [ 15 ] When the cornea is curved excessively much, or if the oculus is excessively long, far-off objects will look blurry because they are focused in forepart of the retina. This is called nearsightedness, or nearsightedness. Hyperopia, or presbyopia, is the antonym of nearsightedness. Distant objects are clear, and close-up objects appear blurry. With hypermetropia, images focus on a point beyond the retina. Hyperopia consequences from an oculus that is excessively short. Astigmatism is a status in which the uneven curvature of the cornea fuzzs and distorts both distant and close objects. A normal cornea is round, with even curves from side to side and exceed to bottom. With astigmia, the cornea is curved more in one way than in another. This causes light beams to hold more than one focal point and concentrate on two separate countries of the retina, falsifying the ocular image. [ 15 ] Measurement of corneal curvature/power can be performed with a assortment of instruments, most normally aA keratometer, A IOLMaster, orA corneal topographyA device. Corneal curvature is normally used forA IOLA computations and cornealA refractile surgery. It is besides helpful for contact lens fitting and observing irregular astigmia. [ 5 ] The primary purpose of this survey is to look into the relationship between corneal curvature and grade of refractile mistake among emmetropic and myopic immature population in Malaysia and to find the standard value of corneal curvature of immature population. 1.2 Research inquiry Question 1: Does corneal curvature vary significantly with different province of refractile mistake? Question 2: What are the scope of readings of corneal curvature of emmetropic and myopic immature topics? Question 3: Is there any different between horizontal and perpendicular curvature of the cornea? 1.3 Aims of the survey 1.3.1 General aim The general aim of this survey is to look into the relationship between corneal curvature and refractile position among emmetropic and myopic immature patients in IIUM Kuantan Campus. 1.3.2 Specific aims To find whether corneal curvature varies significantly with refractile mistake. To compare the readings of corneal curvature between emmetropic and myopic immature topics. To place the normal scope of corneal curvature for emmetropic and myopic immature topics. To place whether there is any different between horizontal and perpendicular curvature of the cornea. To look into the function of corneal curvature in refractile province among Malayan population. Hypothesis of the survey There is no important relationship between corneal curvature and refractile position. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Prevalence of nearsightedness in Asiatic states National Eye Survey done in Malaysia [ 2,3 ] found the prevalence of ocular damage was 2.7 % . The prevalence was higher in rural countries ( 2.9 % ) as compared to urban countries ( 2.5 % ) . The prevalence of ocular damage in rural population in Selangor has been reported to change from 5.6 % to 18.9 % in which they found that among the patients go toing the Eye Clinic at University Malaya Medical Centre, the most common cause of ocular damage in kids was refractile mistakes, whereas in aged patient ocular damage is due to cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. [ 4 ] Myopia is a common cause for ocular damage among immature population in Asia. Estimates of the proportion of nearsightedness in the immature population in Asia ranged from 30 % to 65 % ( Saw et al. 1996 ; Chow et al. 1990 ) , and the prevalence was found to be greater among Chinese people ( Wensor et al. 1999 ; Sperduto et Al. 1983 ) . In Malaysia, the prevalence of nearsightedness found among Malay, Chinese and Indian schoolchildren was 47 % , 20 % and 19.4 % severally ( Garner et al.1990 ; Chung et Al. 1995 ; Saadah et Al. 2002 ) . With the increasing rates of nearsightedness, orthokeratology and refractile surgery such as LASIK, has become rather popular in Asia. When set abouting such processs to rectify nearsightedness, corneal curvature is an of import consideration in order to forestall the cornea from going excessively level after the intervention. [ 6 ] 2.2 The importance of corneal curvature Corneal curvature is normally used forA IOLA computations and cornealA refractile surgery. It is besides helpful for contact lens fitting and observing irregular astigmia ( Friedman, 2009 ) . Measurements of cardinal and peripheral corneal curvature are utile for naming and supervising corneal conditions such as keratoconus and for supervising corneal form following optic surgery6-10 or refractile processs such as orthokeratology. [ 13 ] Liu Z. , Pflugfelder SC, ( 2000 ) studied on the effects of long-run contact lens wear on corneal thickness, curvature, and surface regularity. They found that the corneal curvature, maximal keratometry ( Max K ) and minimal keratometry ( Min K ) readings, were significantly steeper in eyes have oning contact lenses than normal eyes ( PA lt ; 0.01 for Max K and Min K measured by both instruments ) . In foregrounding the importance of corneal curvature in IOL computations, Schena LB ( 2008 ) cited from Dr. Majmudar, in patients who have non undergone old surgery, the value at the centre of the cornea is approximately the same as the value at 3. You read "Myopia In Asian Countries Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples"2 millimetres ( based on keratometer measurings ) . However, patients who have undergone LASIK or PRK can hold altered corneas, and the value at the cardinal cornea, which is the end of measuring, may be really different from that at 3.2 millimetres. Consequently, if testers merely rely on the topography, they may be off, and for every 1 dioptre off in mensurating the corneal curvature, a approximately 1 dioptre misreckoning will ensue for the patient ‘s refractile result. [ 11 ] Besides that, keratometry plays a critical function in the truth of IOL power computation by observing and mensurating astigmia by finding the steepest and flattest acmes of the corneal surface.A [ 16 ] Keratometry plays a critical function in the truth of IOL power computation, observing and mensurating astigmia by finding the steepest and flattest acmes of the corneal surface.A Keratometry plays a critical function in the truth of IOL power computation, observing and mensurating astigmia by finding the steepest and flattest acmes of the corneal surface.A Keratometry plays a critical function in the truth of IOL power computation, observing and mensurating astigmia by finding the steepest and flattest acmes of the corneal surface.A Keratometry plays a critical function in the truth of IOL power computation, observing and mensurating astigmia by finding the steepest and flattest acmes of the corneal surface.A Dr. Majmudar explained that keratometers measure the curvature of the anterior surface about 3.2 millimeter from the centre of the cornea. â€Å" In patients who have non undergone old surgery, the value at the centre of the cornea is approximately the same as the value at 3.2 millimetres, † he said. â€Å" However, patients who have undergone LASIK or PRK can hold altered corneas, and the value at the cardinal cornea, which is the end of measuring, may be really different from that at 3.2 millimetres. Consequently, if you merely trust on the topography, you may be off, and for every 1 dioptre you are away in mensurating the corneal curvature, a approximately 1 dioptre misreckoning will ensue for the patient ‘s refractile outcome. † Dr. Majmudar explained that keratometers measure the curvature of the anterior surface about 3.2 millimeter from the centre of the cornea. â€Å" In patients who have non undergone old surgery, the value at the centre of the cornea is approximately the same as the value at 3.2 millimetres, † he said. â€Å" However, patients who have undergone LASIK or PRK can hold altered corneas, and the value at the cardinal cornea, which is the end of measuring, may be really different from that at 3.2 millimetr es. Consequently, if you merely trust on the topography, you may be off, and for every 1 dioptre you are away in mensurating the corneal curvature, a approximately 1 dioptre misreckoning will ensue for the patient ‘s refractile outcome. † Dr. Majmudar explained that keratometers measure the curvature of the anterior surface about 3.2 millimeter from the centre of the cornea. â€Å" In patients who have non undergone old surgery, the value at the centre of the cornea is approximately the same as the value at 3.2 millimetres, † he said. â€Å" However, patients who have undergone LASIK or PRK can hold altered corneas, and the value at the cardinal cornea, which is the end of measuring, may be really different from that at 3.2 millimetres. Consequently, if you merely trust on the topography, you may be off, and for every 1 dioptre you are away in mensurating the corneal curvature, a approximately 1 dioptre misreckoning will ensue for the patient ‘s refractile outcome. † Dr. Majmudar explained that keratometers measure the curvature of the anterior surface about 3.2 millimeter from the centre of the cornea. â€Å" In patients who have non undergone old surgery, the value at the centre of the cornea is approximately the same as the value at 3.2 millimetres, † he said. â€Å" However, patients who have undergone LASIK or PRK can hold altered corneas, and the value at the cardinal cornea, which is the end of measuring, may be really different from that at 3.2 millimetres. Consequently, if you merely trust on the topography, you may be off, and for every 1 dioptre you are away in mensurating the corneal curvature, a approximately 1 dioptre misreckoning will ensue for the patient ‘s refractile outcome. † Dr. Majmudar explained that keratometers measure the curvature of the anterior surface about 3.2 millimeter from the centre of the cornea. â€Å" In patients who have non undergone old surgery, the value at the centr e of the cornea is approximately the same as the value at 3.2 millimetres, † he said. â€Å" However, patients who have undergone LASIK or PRK can hold altered corneas, and the value at the cardinal cornea, which is the end of measuring, may be really different from that at 3.2 millimetres. Consequently, if you merely trust on the topography, you may be off, and for every 1 dioptre you are away in mensurating the corneal curvature, a approximately 1 dioptre misreckoning will ensue for the patient ‘s refractile result. â€Å" Top of Form Bariah et Al. ( 2009 ) suggested that every demographic has a different norm and scope of corneal curvature values and its relationship to the grade of nearsightedness among normal population. 2.3 Corneal curvature in hyperope, emmetrope and myope In research by Bariah et Al. ( 2009 ) , consequences from keratometer measuring indicated that the mean of corneal curvature for the all myopic immature topics was 7.74 A ± 0.52 millimeter, with 7.87 A ± 0.28 millimeter for Chinese topics and 7.60 A ± 0.66 millimeter for Malays. In survey by Mainstone JC et Al ( 2010 ) , the correlativity between corneal radius of curvature and spherical equivalent refractile mistake was non statistically important ( r2 = 0.038, p =0.2609 ) . A antecedently study by Carney LG et Al. showed that there is a inclination for the cornea to flatten less quickly in the fringe with increasing nearsightedness. This suggests that there are corneal form alterations that occur in nearsighted eyes, possibly as a consequence of unnatural optic growing, that are non seen in hypermetropic eyes because a different mechanism of refractile mistake development operates in this latter group. However, a research by Bariah et Al ( 2009 ) with average refractile mistake in spherical equivalent was -3.50 A ± 2.10 DS, they found that there is hapless correlativities between myopic refractile mistake and corneal curvature ( r = 0.246, P gt ; 0.05 ) . On the other manus, a recent survey by Iyamu E et Al. ( 2010 ) on a Nigerian population found that there was a important positive correlativity between corneal curvature and spherical tantamount refraction. ANOVA showed that the difference in average corneal curvature across the refractile position groups was statistically important ( F = 27.9, df = 2, 67, P lt ; 0.0001 ) . Post hoc trial with Fisher ‘s LSD showed that myopes had steeper corneas than the other two groups ( steeper by 0.27 millimeters than that of hyperopes, and 0.28 millimeter than that of emmetropes ) . The additive arrested development theoretical account is represented by: CRC = 7.853 + 0.069SER. From the equation it can be predicted that for every 1.00D addition in nearsightedness, the cornea is steepened by about 0.07 millimeters. 2.4 Measuring corneal curvature utilizing PentacamA ® The Pentacam has become a popular clinical device for measuring the anterior section of the oculus since its launch in 2004. It contains a Scheimpflug camera that rotates through 360 grades and captures 25 or 50 Scheimpflug slit images within two seconds. Each image shows a cross-section of the cornea and the anterior section. The images contain 500 informations points and up to 25,000 points ( 50 slits A? 500 informations points ) are measured to assorted parametric quantities and to build a 3-dimensional cornea. The Pentacam is capable of mensurating topographic corneal thickness, anterior and posterior corneal topography, anterior chamber deepness and angle and corneal aberrances. It besides provides parametric quantities such as corneal volume and keratometric power difference, which offer new and proficient analyses of the cornea, severally. [ 13 ] For historical grounds, most Placido topographers and keratometers use the refractile index of 1.3375 for the refractile power of the cornea. This refractile index is really wrong even for the untreated oculus ( n~1,332 ) and assumes a changeless ratio between the front tooth and posterior curvature of the cornea. As many IOL power computation expressions use the wrong ‘K-reading ‘ straight an empirical rectification is needed in the terminal to set the correct IOL power in these expressions even in normal instances. [ 12 ] In a survey by Chen D. et Al, the Pentacam system was shown to be extremely dependable in the Sim K measurings, at both the front tooth and posterior corneal surfaces ( Cronbach ‘s alpha trial, I ± a†°? 0.990 ; intraclass correlativity coefficient, ICC a†°? 0.972 ) . The Orbscan is another normally used corneal topographer. It is based on a intercrossed system integrating both the Placido phonograph record and scanning slit rules. Similar to the Pentacam, the Orbscan is non-invasive, simple to utilize and quick, nevertheless, old surveies found the Orbscan to hold questionable public presentation in topographic pachymetry and in the rating of anterior21 and posterior corneal curvatures. [ 14 ] Chapter 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS Study country Location of survey is at Clinic of Optometry International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan. 3.2 Study design The survey is an experimental case-control survey. The parametric quantities for the collected informations will be performed on both eyes. Data will be collected from each topic on a individual visit. 3.3 Subject of the survey 3.3.1 Sampling of the survey Sampling of the survey is convenient trying. Subjects who fulfilled the inclusion standards for the survey are invited to take part in the survey. Sample size The sample size will be based on the survey by Bariah et Al ( 2009 ) â€Å" Corneal Thickness and Curvature of One Sample of Young Myopic Population in Malaysia † where the topics consisted of 84 myopic university. Should mention the latest paper with groups comparison â€Å" Ocular Dimensions of Young Malays in Malaysia † ( Bariah Mohd-Ali, and Muhammad Afzam Shah Abdul-Rahim, and Zainora Mohammed, and Norhani Mohidin, ( 2011 ) Ocular dimensions of immature Malayans in Malaysia. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 9 ( 1 ) . pp. 35-39. ISSN 1675-8161. On the sample size computation, refer to relevant old paper and enter the respective values ( mean, standard divergence etc. ) in this web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.stat.ubc.ca/~rollin/stats/ssize/n2.html Sample of the survey Sample of the survey comprised of groups of emmetropic and myopic immature topics. Subject ‘s inclusion standards Age between 20 to 26 old ages old. VA at distance 6/6 or better. VA at near N5 at 33 centimeter or better. Refractive power between +0.50 DS to -0.50 DS and a†°? – 2.00 Darmstadtium Non-contact lens wearer. Soft contact lens wearer less than 5 old ages are permitted provided lenses were non worn on the twenty-four hours of proving Good optic wellness tested with slit lamp and fundus scrutiny. Good general wellness taken from self-report. Subject ‘s exclusion standards Rigid contact lens wearer History of corneal abnormalcy, refractile surgery or orthokeratology intervention. 3.4 Study tools and process Within survey sites, clinical scrutinies are by and large performed at one location ( IIUM Optometry clinic ) . Before clinical eyes scrutiny is performed on the participant, they will be asked for a complete personal and household general wellness and oculus wellness history. Later, participants underwent an extended and standardised scrutiny process, which included ocular sharp-sightedness ( VA ) testing, refraction and a elaborate optic slit lamp and fundus scrutiny The ocular Acuity ( VA ) will be measured utilizing a Snellen chart at 6m. Measurement of refractile position will be conducted utilizing subjective refraction with cross cylinder. Subjects were categorized into emmetropia, hypermetropia and nearsightedness utilizing the spherical tantamount refraction. Classification was done based on: Emmetropia a†°Ã‚ ¤A ± 0.50DS and Myopia a†°? 2.00DS. Following, measuring of corneal curvature will be taken utilizing Pentacam ( Oculus, Inc. , Germany ) . Average corneal curvature ( AVK ) was obtained by the norm of the horizontal and perpendicular corneal curvature. Finally, the external oculus and anterior section ( eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, flag, and student ) will be examined with slit lamp, and followed by scrutiny of media and fundus utilizing indirect opthmoscopy and fundus camera. 3.5 Data analysis The natural informations are keyed in and organized utilizing statistical package SPSS ( Statistical Package for Social Science ) version 17.0. The information will be analyzed utilizing the same package. Statistical analyses being employed are: Normality trial on each information set utilizing Histogram. important degree: 0.05 for 95 % CI Descriptive analysis ( average, standard divergence, average and frequence ) . One-way analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) will be used to compare the average corneal radius of curvature across the refractile position groups The relationships among parametric quantities will be tested utilizing Pearson ‘s correlativity and additive arrested development analysis. 3.6 Ethical consideration Ethical blessing will be acquired from the ethical commission of Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia ( IIUM ) . Engagement in this survey is on a voluntary footing and participants will be asked to subscribe the consent signifier if they agree to take part in this survey. A written consent will be acquired prior to informations aggregation ( Appendix B ) . In this consent signifier, campaigners will be informed that they will move as ‘subject ‘ in this survey. Participants will be given account on the processs involved in this survey before informations aggregation is performed.The process is considered safe because it is non-invasive. Furthermore, the participants ‘ informations is confidential to public. Any inquiry from the topic will be answered consequently. Participants may besides retreat from this survey at any clip. How to cite Myopia In Asian Countries Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Organizational Structure Essay Example

Organizational Structure Essay Organizational Structure An organizations structure defines how Job tasks are formally divided, grouped ND coordinated. There are six key elements that managers need to address when they design their organizations structure: work specialization, differentiations, chain of command, span of control, centralization and decentralization, and formalization (Robbins Judge, 2009, p. 519). Most of the six elements addressed are easily defined in the hospital setting. There are clearly defined departments that perform Job duties specific to that specialization. The organization can be considered centralized, as decision making is often controlled by senior leadership. Formalization within the organization varies, mom Jobs have low formalization such as nursing, although an argument could be made that nursing has high formalization related to clearly defined policies governing work process but based on varying patient census, complexity of procedures performed, and patient assignment, nurses have a great deal latitude to perform their Jobs. An example of a Job with high formalization could be environmental services where there are clearly defined procedures for cleaning of patient rooms, operating rooms, and other 3 non-patient care areas. Chain of command is clearly defined by employees reporting o department managers, who report to department directors, reporting to associate hospital directors, who report to the Chief Executive Officer. Through observation the organization has a narrow span of control which has three major drawbacks. First, as already described, theyre expensive because they add levels of management. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Structure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Second, they make vertical communication In the organization more complex. The added levels of hierarchy slow down decision making and tend to isolate upper management. Third, narrow spans of control encourage overly tight supervision and discourage employee autonomy (Robbins Ramp: Judge, 2009, p. 24). The organization operates as a mechanicals organization. Mechanicals versus organic Organization English sociologist Tom Burns and psychologist G. M. Stalker coined the term mechanistic organization. Such an organization is characterized by a high degree of job specialization, clearly demarcated vertical hierarchies and centralized decision making. It stands in contrast to an organic organization, which has decentralized decision-making processes, low Job specialization and horizontal communication channels, all of which tend to empower employees (Capstone Encyclopedia of Business, 2003). Although an attempt is made to decentralized decision-making by quarterly chats with the chief, rarely are executive decisions affected by feedback garnered in these sessions. Work-Life Conflict Such programs as the employee assistance program are available to assist employees in a variety of ways. Every employee regardless of work status is eligible for the employee Organizational Structure 4 assistance program, management is empowered to refer staff as they deem necessary. An area of work-life conflict where the organization failed was the elimination of hospital-based childcare; employees have to find this much needed revive elsewhere and at substantially higher cost. An increased resistance to change is evident when new programs or growth initiatives are introduced. The speed of change will overtake the organizations where the leaders do not adopt a new mindset, first themselves and solicit the hearts, minds, and souls of followers to Join suit on this quest to transform the organizations to successfully operate and do well in the new landscape (Moslem ; Mathieu, 2010, p. 58). Planning of new programs is not taken lightly within the organization, caref ul planning prior to implementation is viewed as critical to success. The foundation lies within the core values of the organization. Organizational Culture The organizations core values of respect, service, and integrity are part of the orientation process for each employee. These values provide a positive work culture although there may come a time when an employee requires reeducation. Regulatory agencies such as the Joint Commission and Department of Health set the expectation for the organization to operate ethically. The organization keeps its culture alive by selecting employees who have the knowledge, skills, and abilities to reform Jobs within the organization. Actions of top management also allow the culture to live through their behavior.

Free Essays on Chinese Influence To American

Chinese Attitudes towards death Throughout the history of mankind, â€Å"death?has always been a fascination. People have always wondered about the causes of death, the aftermath of death, and whether it could be stopped. Among these people were the Chinese, who like many other people, believed there was life after death. They performed certain rituals ?to help them along their way.?Chinese attitudes toward death are reflected in funerary rituals, Buddhist philosophy and reverence for the deceased. Death is a very important issue to the Chinese people. The son of a family has the obligation to give his parents a proper funeral. â€Å"This includes such essential elements as; a large coffin, a funeral procession, a well-chosen gravesite, gifts and offerings to the soul of the deceased, a period of mourning, and keeping an ancestral shrine. If a Chinese son fails to follow these obligations, he has committed a serious offense against society.? The Chinese believed in giving a proper funeral to their elders because when the elders were alive, they had shared their experiences and knowledge with the young. The Chinese followed the requirements to a proper funeral because they believed in remembering the dead, who were once close to them. They wanted to remember the dead by praying to them daily and making them offerings. The Chinese believed that there were certain rituals that were necessary for certain events. For example, during a wedding, the Chinese believed that the couple must bow to the parents and offer them tea. Only then, can the couple be happily married. Because the Chinese believe in performing certain rituals for certain events, anyone who doesn’t give his parents a proper funeral would have mocked traditional beliefs. This son would be considered as a pariah in his village and looked upon as â€Å"dirty?by his neighbors. To the Chinese, being buried in a coffin was very important. Chinese people wanted to bury the dead in coffi... Free Essays on Chinese Influence To American Free Essays on Chinese Influence To American Chinese Attitudes towards death Throughout the history of mankind, â€Å"death?has always been a fascination. People have always wondered about the causes of death, the aftermath of death, and whether it could be stopped. Among these people were the Chinese, who like many other people, believed there was life after death. They performed certain rituals ?to help them along their way.?Chinese attitudes toward death are reflected in funerary rituals, Buddhist philosophy and reverence for the deceased. Death is a very important issue to the Chinese people. The son of a family has the obligation to give his parents a proper funeral. â€Å"This includes such essential elements as; a large coffin, a funeral procession, a well-chosen gravesite, gifts and offerings to the soul of the deceased, a period of mourning, and keeping an ancestral shrine. If a Chinese son fails to follow these obligations, he has committed a serious offense against society.? The Chinese believed in giving a proper funeral to their elders because when the elders were alive, they had shared their experiences and knowledge with the young. The Chinese followed the requirements to a proper funeral because they believed in remembering the dead, who were once close to them. They wanted to remember the dead by praying to them daily and making them offerings. The Chinese believed that there were certain rituals that were necessary for certain events. For example, during a wedding, the Chinese believed that the couple must bow to the parents and offer them tea. Only then, can the couple be happily married. Because the Chinese believe in performing certain rituals for certain events, anyone who doesn’t give his parents a proper funeral would have mocked traditional beliefs. This son would be considered as a pariah in his village and looked upon as â€Å"dirty?by his neighbors. To the Chinese, being buried in a coffin was very important. Chinese people wanted to bury the dead in coffi...

Difference Between the UK, Great Britain, and England

Difference Between the UK, Great Britain, and England While many people use the terms ​United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England interchangeably, there is a difference between them- one is a country, the second is an island, and the third is a part of an island. The United Kingdom The  United Kingdom  is an independent country off the northwestern coast of Europe. It consists of the entire island of Great Britain and a northern part of the island of Ireland. In fact, the official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital city of the United Kingdom is London and the head of state is currently Queen Elizabeth II. The United Kingdom is one of the founding members of the United Nations and sits on the United Nations Security Council. The creation of the United Kingdom heralds back to 1801 when the unification between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland led to the establishment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. When southern Ireland gained independence in the 1920s, the name of the modern country then became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.   Great Britain Great Britain is the name of the island northwest of France and east of Ireland. Much of the United Kingdom consists of the island of Great Britain. On the large island of Great Britain, there are three somewhat autonomous regions: England, Wales, and Scotland. Great Britain is the ninth largest island on Earth and has an area of  80,823 square miles (209,331 square kilometers). England occupies the southeast portion of the island of Great Britain, Wales is in the southwest, and Scotland is in the north. Scotland and Wales are not independent countries but do have some discretion from the United Kingdom with respect to internal governance. England England is located in the southern part of the island of Great Britain, which is part of the country of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom includes the administrative regions of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Each region varies in its level of autonomy but all part of the United Kingdom. While England has traditionally been thought of as the heart of the United Kingdom, some use the term England to refer to the entire country, however, this is not correct. While its common to hear or see the term London, England, technically this is also incorrect, as it implies that London is the capital of England alone, rather than the capital of the entire United Kingdom. Ireland A final note on Ireland. The northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland is the administrative region of the United Kingdom known as Northern Ireland. The remaining southern five-sixths of the island of Ireland is the independent country known as the  Republic of Ireland (Eire). Using the Right Term It is inappropriate to refer to the United Kingdom as Great Britain or England; one should be specific about toponyms (place names) and utilize the correct nomenclature.  Remember, United Kingdom (or the U.K.) is the country, Great Britain is the island, and England is one of the U.K.s four administrative regions. Since unification, the Union Jack flag has combined elements of England, Scotland, and Ireland (although Wales is omitted) to represent the unification of constituent parts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Key insights and practical lessons of Wal-Mart Essay

Key insights and practical lessons of Wal-Mart - Essay Example The company runs the largest grocery store in United States of America, and in 2009, over 51% of its sales revenues in United States of America came from its grocery stores (Roberts and Bergs, 2012). This revenue amounted to 258 billion United States dollars. The company has a presence in North America, operating a retail warehouse business. The company has an approximate number of 8500 stores in 15 different countries. In these 15 countries, the company has different brand names. For instance, in United States of America, the company operates under the brand name of Wal-Mart. In Mexico, the company operates under the brand name of Walmex, while in India; the company operates under the brand name of Best Price (Roberts and Bergs, 2012). The company also has retail stores in Japan, Argentina, South Africa, China and the United Kingdom. Despite its successes, the company does not have operations in East Africa, and in particular Kenya. Kenya has the most dominant economy in East Africa , and it has a fast growing retail market within the region (Agwuele, 2012). It also has an open economic system, which is conducive in attracting Foreign Direct Investments in the country. It has one of the best labor force in Africa, and good infrastructures such as an elaborate road network, and efficient supply of energy (Agwuele, 2012). On this basis, the country is a good destination for the entry of the business within the region. Despite its successes, the company does not have operations.

Panera Bread Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Panera Bread Company - Essay Example In order to achieve this, business organizations have to implement certain strategies. Each and every product needs to be designed or made on the basis of customer’s needs and wants. Panera Bread Company has so many outlets in US and Canada and each outlet has its own varieties of customers. Thus, in order to maintain a steady flow of customers they have to follow certain marketing strategies tailor made to meet the requirements of each and every outlet, depending on the peculiar characteristics of the outlet. The franchisee business model is quite appropriate in the food and beverage industry. However, unlike it is competitors, Panera does not have many Franchisee units. So to increase the franchisees the company has to implement some new strategies. Because of the strict policies Panera does not have as many outlets as its competitors like Star Bucks and McDonald’s have. Not cashing in on the attractive concept of franchising is the main drawback of Panera. The issues however can be easily solved on the basis of franchises and the management professionals have to follow some kind of marketing activities such as market campaigns, Employees and customer’s awareness classes. . To get more in to franchising the rules should be cut down on the basis of this we can improve our business activities as well as our customers. It is needless to mention that every business operates on the basis of profitability and for Panera to

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay examples -- Shelley Frankenstein Ess

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Mary Shelley’s, Frankenstein, was written during a period of dramatic revolution. The failed French Revolution and Industrial Revolution seriously mark the novel with hints of moral and scientific revolution. Through Frankenstein, Shelley sends out a clear message that morally irresponsible scientific development can unleash a monster that can destroy its creator. Upon beginning the creation process, Victor Frankenstein uses the scientific advances of others to infiltrate the role of nature. "The modern masters promise very little.. But these philosophers .. have indeed performed miracles.. They penetrate into the recesses of nature and show how she works in her hiding-places. They ascend into the heavens; they have discovered how the blood circulates, and the nature of the air we breath. They have acquired new and almost unlimited powers; they can command the thunders of heaven, mimic the earthquake, and even mock the invisible world of its own shadows"(47). Frankenstein sees these innovations as overpowering and substantially giving humans the power of god. Frankenstein believes that through these new scientific powers human kind would be served with a positive effect. Disease could be banished and self glory could result. "what glory would attend the discovery if I could banish disease from the human frame and render man invulnerable to any but a violent death"(40)! Shelley characterizes Frankenstein as a modern a mad scientist...

How We Listen By Aaron Copland

In his essay How We Listen, Aaron Copland classifies and divides the listening process into three parts: the sensuous place, the expressive plane, and the sheerly musical plane (1074). I believe by this mechanical separation, Copland succeeds in discussing difficult topic, so natural that most people tend to by pass it. He uses analogy and sometimes stresses on certain situation where these planes are abused or become a cause of a problem. The main purpose for Copland to separate the listening process is for the reader to learn and study how they listen. Coplands success in the clarification mainly because of two methods: (1) Categorizing the listening process in different parts and use an analogy to unite it to bring back the general idea of the listening process and (2) by answering and addressing to problems so the readers will understand and have a different view of the text. Categorizing the listening process People listen on the sensuous plane for pure entertainment. For example, turning one the radio while doing something else and absentmindedly bathes in the sound (1074). Copland continues talking about the sound stuff (1075) and how composers manipulate it differently. Good listener should realize that lovely sounding music is not necessarily great music. I believe putting the sensuous plane before the other two is a good technique, since this is the plane most people often relates to. Second plane is the expressive one. Copland now discusses the notion of meaning in music. In his view, music has a meaning but this meaning is not concrete and sometimes it cannot be expressed in words. This plane explains why we get moved or relaxed by music. It is more difficult to grasp and required more deep thought because Copland claims that meaning in music should be no more than a general concept (1076). This issue is very philosophical and one must accept the train to understand this plane. The next plane deals with the manipulation of the notes and offers a more intellectual approach in enhancing musical appreciation. The actual structure of the music as such the length of the note, pitch, harmony, and tone color are emphasized in this section of the essay. This basic study of the structure is a must to form a firm foundation in the musical piece and to understand the diagnosis of it. This technical and more scientific plane is contradictory to the philosophical sensuous plane. Therefore, it is another good technique of Copland to write one right after the other to cover the whole listening process. after expounding his theory on the way we listen, Copland uses the analogy of a theoretical play to drive the point home. This is yet another good technique used by Copland: allowing him to clearly demonstrate the interrelating of the three planes. Regarding the ideal listener, Copland says: In a sense, the ideal listener is both inside and outside the music at the same moment, judging it and enjoying it, wishing it would go one way and watching it go anotheralmost like the composer at the moment he composes it; because in order to write his music, the composer must also be inside and outside his music, carried away but it and yet coldly critical of it. (1078) It is obvious that in Coplands view the best approach consists of the balanced mixture of all three planes. Answering and addressing to problems Copland uses the three planes of the listening process to mark the division of his essay. For great clarity, the text is very clearly organized. He starts with the introduction and tackles the sensuous plane in the second paragraph. Many people may wonder what kind of a problem lies in a purely entertainment plane. He claims that the sensuous plane is abused by people who listens to music to escape reality, yet still addresses themselves as a good music lovers. Copland warns: Yes, the sound appeal of music is a potent and primitive force, but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest. The sensuous plane is an important one in music, a very important one, but it does not constitute the whole story. The understanding of sensuous plane and the actualization that there are more planes in the listening process is stressed. Copland then continues with the expressive plane, objecting to the notion of simple-minded people that music should have concrete meaning. He argues that meaning cannot be explained by words and that people should simply be satisfied with a general concept: feel the music. Moving to the third plane -the sheerly musical one- Copland talks about music in terms of notes. This plane concerns musicians and audience alike. What may go wrong with the makers of music themselves According to Copland, professional musicians are sometimes too conscious of the notes: They [professional musicians] often fall into the error of becoming so engrossed with their arpeggios and staccatos that they forget the deeper aspects of the music they are performing. (1077) From this statement, I believe that theres a fear of losing the expressive plane, if this problem triggers. On the other hand, we have the general audience. Listeners often neglect them. He argues that a good listener should know the musical structure in order to enhance the enjoyment of music on this plane.

Four Goals of Psychology - 803 Words

FOUR GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY Four Goals of Psychology Bernadette A. Bobian PSY-102 12/18/2010 Four Goals of Psychology The four goals of psychology are to describe, understand, predict, and control behavior (Coon and Mitterer, 2007, p 15). Psychologist goals are to study psychology and search for facts and information that can give an advantage to humankind. By the studying of Psychology it helps to understand and explain behaviors of individuals as well as our self’s. The explanation of why they happen and the why people’s behaviors alter. The first goal of psychology is to describe, meaning to explain an individual’s behavior. For example maybe for an individual to become angry, it would be important†¦show more content†¦The four goals in psychology in this example would be able to benefit the abuser to understand why and what their violent behavior is stemming from. Subsequently the individual would be able to start the process of changing their behavior and acts of abuse. This would not only benefit the individual committing the abuse but as well as the indi vidual or individuals being abused. In which would impact and help our crime rate. Another example of howShow MoreRelatedThe Four Goals Of Psychology Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology Question #1 (?) Please describe the four goals of psychology and APPLY it to a real life example. The first goal of psychology is Description, were one must correctly describe the condition (a behavior or mental process) in interest. So for example in my life a behavior that I express a lot is that when I’m upset I’ll go to my room. So I would describe this behavior as such, â€Å"When experiencing negative emotions I choose to isolate myself in my room†. The second goal is known as ExplanationRead MoreFour Goals of Psychology Essay793 Words   |  4 PagesFour Goals of Psychology Amanda K Farias 12/17/2010 Four Goals of Psychology What are the four goals of psychology? To understand the four goals of psychology, you must first understand that psychology is based off of its findings from scientific research and critical thinking. The four goals of psychology are to describe, understand, predict, and control behavior and the mental process. These goals were set to help psychologists to better understand what factors cause different types of behaviorRead MoreAnalyzing The Four Goals Of Psychology Essay1939 Words   |  8 Pages1. Describe the four goals of Psychology. The first major goal of psychology is â€Å"to describe†. Describing behavior helps us to understand what sort of behaviors are normal versus abnormal. Several different research methods are used. The second major goal of psychology is â€Å"to explain†. Explaining involves looking at factors that contribute to the described behaviors. This is where theories emerge. The third goal of psychology is â€Å"to predict†. By learning about behaviors, we are able to predictRead MoreEssay on general psych1462 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Through my semester in General Psychology Taking Psychology has taught me a lot more than I already knew about the human mind and human body. I have actually enjoyed taking Psychology this semester. what I have learned from Psychology class will be carried with me throughout my college and professional career. In Psychology I learned the science of behavior and processes. The â€Å"ABC’s† of Psychology which are, A- stands for affect, which are feelings, emotions or moods. B- stands for behaviorsRead MoreEssay about Psychology: The Study of Behavior and Mental Process1347 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology is the study of behavior and the mental process. The mental process is the steps the mind takes to think, feel, etc., while behavior is just simply how one acts. In the beginning, philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle wrote about the relationship of the body and the soul. Psychologists and medical doctors wondered about the connection between the body and the brain whereas philosophers tried to explain the connections between the mind and the body. Psychologists study the process ofRead MoreBiography Of John B. Watson1180 Words   |  5 Pagesfunctionalists such as Ivan Sechenov, Ivan Pavlov, and Vladimir Bechterev to make their own contributions to the broader field of psychology. So what is Behaviourism? Watson insisted that behaviour be psychology’s subject of matter and that psychology’s goal was to be the prediction and control of behaviour. Behaviourism took on revolutionary characteristics and objective psychology, unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, reflexology and overt behaviour, were many of the main characteristics of behaviourismRead More88899891530 Words   |  7 PagesAspects of psychology Emotional Intelligence February 07, 2013 Emotional Intelligence By: Jasmine N. Gresham (SSCI206-1205D-01) DiMatteo * Do you think that positive psychology is in more demand now that stress and economic hardship is more prominent in our country? * Are people under more stress now than in the past? * A description of the field of positiveRead MoreMy Career As A Teacher924 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore my freshman year of college I bought an old psychology textbook at a bargain bookstore and knew I wanted to be a psychologist after reading the first chapter. My first semester I signed up for Psychology 101 and I’ve never looked back. During college I took a number of psychology classes, and with each class, my love for the subject grew. In my junior year at LSU I took Honors Research Methodologies and was introduced to school psychology. As I learned more about the field I realized thisRead MoreMy Future Career Research Paper1323 Words   |  6 Pages7th period Future Career Research Paper â€Æ' What is the importance of goals? Do goals help you plan out your future? Or possibly give you something to work for? To me goals provide a map of what I want to do, how I’m going to do it, and why I want to do it. Goals also provide a sense of accomplishment when you finally get to finish whatever you’ve been working towards. The need for goals in life is clear, because without goals, we wouldn’t get much done. Simply because of the fact that there wouldn’tRead MorePsychology And Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy916 Words   |  4 Pagesweek as I begun to read the theories that include Individual Psychology, Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), and Cognitive Behavior Therapy I found that choosing which theory that I identified the most with is getting harder and harder. These theories are so similar. This led me to use a process of elimination which still left me with two Individual Psychology and Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy. Individual Psychology was created by Alfred Adler who was coddled as a child until

Socrates And The Era Of Ancient Greece - 2104 Words

â€Å"The only true wisdom is knowing that you know nothing.† To me, no truer words have ever been spoken. People may think that they know all the right answers, or know what to do in every situation, but at the end of the day, they don t really know anything. These words have echoed down through the ages, since the time they were first spoken by one of the greatest philosophical figures to ever walk this earth, Socrates. Socrates lived during the era of Ancient Greece, when philosophy and education was the cornerstone of everything that you needed to know. Although Socrates himself does have any writings accredited to him, we learn much about him from his students Plato and Xenophon. Plato makes it seem as though Socrates simply walks around Athens disputing people about what they think they know, proving his fact stating that we know nothing. It is also unclear how Socrates stayed alive, as Plato made it clear that he had no job and that he never accepted monetary gifts for his teachings. Quite possibly Socrates greatest achievement to modern philosophy is what is now called the Socratic Method. This method consists of asking a person a series of questions about a topic, to ultimately disprove them and make them feel as if they are inferior, something Socrates did quite well. For example, in Book I of The Republic, written by Plato, Socrates argues with a man named Thrasymachus, who believed that h e understood what the meaning of justice was. The first bookShow MoreRelatedAncient Greece : A True Civilization1507 Words   |  7 PagesEugene High School Classical Greece A True Civilization Joshua Soifer and Remy Dunn Eurasian History Mr. Yamada October 6 2017 As the politician and bishop Stephen Gardiner once claimed, â€Å"The center of Western culture is Greece, and we have never lost our ties with the architectural concepts of that ancient civilization†. In many ways, through their academic pursuits, philosophical ideologies, or advanced trade systems, Ancient Greek culture has proven to be the foundationRead MoreComparing The And The Odyssey998 Words   |  4 Pagespast events’, much like a bible or history book. It shaped their culture and what it meant to be a human being. The events of the Illiad and the Odyssey have been reflected in plays in ancient Greece and in the attitudes of many Greeks on what it meant to be a hero at that time. 3. The city-states of Ancient Greece were organized like tiny independent countries. One man, and a council of aristocrats ruled each state. Citizens were encouraged to develop their person by attending the gym, theater,Read More Role Model of the West Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesattributed to the great role model, ancient Greeks for their many contributions, such as architecture, fine arts, education, philosophy, and mostly for their form of democracy and ways of government. The architecture and fine arts in ancient Greece had proved to be beyond its time. The Greeks talent for architecture and art was and still is irresistible to many artist of today. The spread of this talent moved from the Greeks throughout Europe, especially Ancient Rome and all the way to present dayRead MoreThe Basic Principle Of Inquiry1195 Words   |  5 Pagesand Eastern. Western philosophy is associated with Ancient Greek, Roman, Western Europe, and later on, the Americas’ process of thought. Being that we are predominantly influenced by this field of philosophy (due to our location) it is essential that we must understand the beginnings and the evolution of this ideology. Western philosophy has developed with each coming era and is widely accepted to be organized chronologically into 3 ages, Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, with each contributing new doctrinesRead More Socrates Essay601 Words   |  3 Pages Philosophy in ancient Greece was merely a type of argument, until a pioneer named Socrates showed the world a new way of thinking. Socrates was born in 469 BC in Athens (where he lived all his life) as the son of Sophroniscus, a stonemason, and Phaenarete. In his life, Socrates changed common philosophy, which was a study of why the way things are, into a consideration of the virtue and health of the human soul. Rather than writing books and recording his thoughts himself, he orally passedRead MoreThe Golden Age Of Greece1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe Golden Age of Greece The golden age of Greece, especially the Periclean age of Athens, was considered to be the defining age of Greek history. The amount of cultural and intellectual innovation in Greece was at its height during the nearly 200 year period. From 500-300 BC, many great thinkers and philosophers rose and gave many a new perspective on life. As Matt Barrett explained, many philosopers, such as Socrates, dwelled in Athens, along with his then pupil, Plato. Socrates was one of the firstRead MoreGreek Mythology And Its Impact On Modern Culture1055 Words   |  5 PagesGreece civilization has its origins from Greek Mythology and has had a significant impact on our history and mythology helped shed light to it’s culture, religion, and government of ancient Greece. 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Between 1100 and 387 BCE, the Greeks evolved from a very primitive agricultural society to the most important cultural and political presence in the Mediterranean

Socrates will Refuse the Jurys Decision - 1397 Words

During Socrates’ defense against Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon in Plato’s Apology, Socrates states that he will refuse the jury’s decision, regarded as the Law of Athens, if the court were to acquit him on the basis that he stops practicing philosophy. However, later in Plato’s Crito, Socrates explains he cannot escape from prison due to the laws of Athens and thus adheres to the jury’s decision of a death sentence. Despite appearing to contradict himself, Socrates is actually not contradicting himself at all. Socrates asserts that he did nothing wrong in regard to the laws of Athens and has never been a bad example for the youth in comparison to everyone in the audience and jury. If Socrates were to lament and agree to the acquittal in order to live, then he would be going against his philosophical mission from god and would be agreeing that he did do something wrong; this is why Socrates testifies that he would die rather than agree to stop pract icing philosophy. Since escaping jail to avoid death would contradict his ideals, Socrates refuses to disobey the laws of Athens, which he always adheres to, and decides he will commit to his sentencing despite the fact he is unjustly convicted. In both cases, Socrates is standing up for his ideals of philosophy and to his notion of goodness, which allows him to sensibly and honestly state that he will adhere to the jury (and therefore the Laws of Athens) in one case and is able to refuse to adhere to their judgments in another.

Chronic Sorrow Free Essays

string(37) " a person goes through after a loss\." Living with Chronic Sorrow The middle range theory of chronic sorrow theory was researched in the 1980’s validating parent’s feelings over the loss of not having the perfect child and having a child with a disability. Chronic sorrow provided a framework for understanding the reactions of individuals to various loss situations and offered a way to view the experience of bereavement. Involvement in an experience of a significant loss is the necessary antecedent to the development of chronic sorrow (Peterson Bredow, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Chronic Sorrow or any similar topic only for you Order Now The loss may affect individuals and family members at any time. Chronic sorrow may come to any of us during our lifetime. Chronic sorrow can best be described as a natural response to a tragic situation. Where life experiences cause deep distress, sadness, or regret especially for the loss of someone or something loved ( Gordon, 2009 ). Chronic sorrow is followed by a permanent loss of a personal attachment that may be ongoing with a sadness of such intensity that it recurs for the lifetime of the person. Mental pain, suffering and despair can all occur from chronic sorrow regardless if the loss is caused by injury, trauma or by death ( Alligood, Tomey,(2010). Washington Irving says it best, â€Å"There is a sacredness in tears. They are not the mark of weakness, but of power. They speak more eloquently than ten thousand tongues. They are messengers of over whelming grief and unspeakable love. † The rational for choosing the middle range theory of chronic sorrow was because this theory was easy to identify with. From losing a home to a natural disaster, a job, and even in death of family members, friends and numerous pets this theory really hit home from personnel experiences. Possible Antecedents, Defining Attributes and Consequences Let’s start but trying to understand the antecedents of chronic sorrow and how they relate to ach other and affect each of us as individuals. This may help to understand how strongly emotions control and play an important part in our everyday lives. The antecedents that go along with chronic sorrow are loss and grief. They are experienced periodically by individuals of all ages through their life time. Whether in the death of a family member, friend or pet, losing a home and all worldly possessions or losing a functioning body part. To be able to get through these powerful feelings and emotions can be very difficult and even more difficult for others to understand (Peterson Bredow, 2009). People all over the world are forced to deal with this daily, but until it happens to you, do you truly begin to understand the impact this has on ones’ own life. Every one of us will have to deal with loss at some time in our life. A loss can be described as â€Å"a pervasive psychic pain and sadness, stimulated by certain trigger events, which follows loss of a relationship of an attachment† (Teel,1991, pg. 1316). Losses come in many forms both large and small, such as loss of a job, a home, a way of life, a relationship, or loss of a significant other, spouse, family member or even a pet. The perception of the event, the situational supports, and the coping mechanisms all influence return of equilibrium or homeostasis. A person either advances or regresses as a result of the crisis, depending upon how the person manages the crisis (Potter Perry, 2009). Experiencing a loss can trigger the grief process. Everyone is different and comes to terms with loss in different ways, so it is difficult to say how long a person’s process may take. Losses that are smaller and have less of an impact on peoples’ lives will take a much shorter time to resolve emotionally than more significant losses (Foust, 2006). Some people deal with the loss a day at a time, yet for some people it may be an hour at a time. As long as the person is not denying the loss, they are working through it. Action oriented is an internal management for coping with a loss. This includes continuing to be involved in interests, hobbies, activities, talking with friends, professionals and even joining a support group (Peterson and Bredow,2009). Lost your job, your home, a loved one, or a beloved pet? There are many forms of loss, and all are felt individually on a very personal level (Foust, 2006). A loss is losing or being deprived of something you once had. Any loss can have a profound effect on your life. Loss can happen at any time day or night and does not need a reason. A consequence of a loss can stop you from socializing, cause you to have lack of interests, and take you emotionally away from those who love you. A loss can impact your job, your home, your finances, and your relationships. This is a real emotion that people around the world experience daily. Coping with loss and grief can be challenging in many ways (Teel. 1991). A loss may be felt physically and emotionally, like something is missing. A feeling of worry and emptiness may be felt deep inside. Two types of losses most relevant to depressive symptoms are related to self, goal attainment, and loss of financial resources (Van Horn Mischel, 2008). One may begin to suffer physical symptoms such as headaches, gastrointestinal upset, anxiety, sleeplessness, or anorexia. Emotionally you may feel tired, lack the ability to care about what is going on around you, sleep too much or too little, over eat or under eat, and neglect yourself and those around you. These are all feelings and emotions a person may experience in grief. Loss is an experience caused by changes and recognizing these changes are important in dentify feelings and most importantly, by allowing individuals to feel and express themselves begins the healing process (Love, 2007). Grief comes in many shapes and sizes. There is no â€Å"one size fits all† for the grieving process. Grief is the series of emotions that a person goes through after a loss. You read "Chronic Sorrow" in category "Papers" Grief may invo lve feelings of sadness, anger, guilt, shame, relief, jealousy, hopelessness and powerlessness ( Love, 2007). Many people allow for grief after the passing of a loved one, but many of today’s views tend to ignore the grief that can follow other kinds of losses. As a result, people find themselves unexpectedly alone dealing with the sorrow, anger and other emotions associated with grief at various times in their life. Confused and even ashamed, they may attempt to hide or avoid these emotions, pushing them inward rather than letting them out. This may cause destructive and devastating repercussions which can follow. Yet all of this can be avoided, if people recognize that there are all kinds of grief (Castledine,2002). Learning to deal with the loss and cope with ones misfortunes is where grief comes in. So, how long is the grieving process? Basically, a person grieves as long as it takes to come to terms with their loss and the impact that it has had on their life (Foust, 2006). The obvious time for grieving is after the death of a loved one. Many people experience this first with grandparents and parents, as well as aunts, uncles and family pets. Some people may suffer the difficult loss of siblings or spouses and still others may experience the tragic loss of a child. There is no way to measure grief, and no instrument or scale to measure for sorrow. Each person grieves these losses uniquely and differently. When a death of a loved one occurs those left ehind are often allowed time and space for grieving and usually supported by family and friends (Burglass, 2010). But what happens when someone loses a beloved pet? Or when a family loses a home? Or better yet the loss of a functioning body part, example hearing, seeing or loss of limb? These too are times of great loss. Unfortunately, they are seldom recognized as suc h and because of this the grieving are left alone to work through emotions that are many times misunderstood by those around them (Castledine, 2002). Coworkers, friends or even spouses can find it hard to understand ones grief and even find it difficult to handle. A person must grieve in order to heal and move forward. The suffering of dazed confusion, distress and unrelenting despair will generally ease with time (Love, 2007). At home, whenever you are alone, don’t push or force yourself to do anything. Relax and do what comes naturally. Many cultures do not encourage people to grieve openly. Crying and other ways of expressing distress can be seen as signs of weakness. Crying can actually help relieve stress, so cry, take a bath or watch television (Gipson, 2009). Do whatever makes you feel comfortable and helps you relax. Management forms of grief can be in the form of faith, istractions, like work, hobbies, and honoring your loss through ritual is important in overcoming the loss. There are many ways to go through the grieving process, regardless of how one grieves, grief is critical in the healing process (Potter Perry, pg. 496). Any loss can warrant grief. Grief is a normal reaction to loss and is not usually associated with long term negative consequences. Grief is a natural psychological and sometimes physical response to loss or change. Though death is most commonly associated with grieving, many other life changes can have the same result (911, Oklahoma City bombing). Losing a job (being laid off after working several years for the same company), losing a home (natural disaster, fire, tornado or even hurricane), having children leave home ( go away to college, military service, get married), retiring, divorce, declaring bankruptcy (loss of financial resources) a breakup, even moving can all create a sense of real loss and grief (Love, 2007). Grieving is a natural and healthy reaction to all losses. The five stages of grief denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance are all natural feelings when one experiences a significant loss. These can also be overlapped with shock, yearning and protest, despair, and recovery (Buglass, 2010). Grieving helps people understanding what has occurred and how to adapt to a new set of circumstances in their life. What makes the grieving process so challenging, is that many of the emotions we experience are painful and most people do not want to feel painful emotions. Another challenging piece is that many people are not prepared for the variety of emotions that occur. Most people expect to feel sad, but may not expect to feel angry, anxious, hopeless, terrified, confused, frustrated, lonely, and so on. The emotions felt do not occur in any predictable pattern and many people often tend to cycle through them throughout the grieving process (Drench, 2004). Grief is something that cannot be fixed and one cannot take a pill to make the grief go away. A person needs to experience the loss and all the negative emotions that result in order to accept the loss. Grief cannot be medicated with pills or alcohol. In fact, individuals that do attempt to take medication are using their own form of denial which usually lengthens the process and may even add a drug or alcohol addiction problem on top of their grief. The good news is that there are things that people can do to help cope and work through the grief process (Potter and Perry, pg. 496). These are a few examples people may use to help work through the grieving process. Take care of yourself by getting rest, eating regularly and maintain a regular routine. This can be challenging during the early process, but is essential with recovery (Potter Perry, pg. 496). Support systems of family, friends and colleagues who will listen, offer advice and provide emotional support can benefit you. Talk about your loss helps get your thoughts and feelings ut. Journaling is also a helpful to get your thoughts out. In a private journal or diary people are able to express their emotions and vent their feelings honestly without hurting anyone or without concern for how they may appear to others (Potter Perry, pg. 496). Time management techniques include developing a list of tasks that are felt to be important and need to be accomplished. Perform the t asks at the top of the list that require immediate attention, those that are not as important can be delayed (Potter Perry, pg. 497). Guided imagery and visualization can help with relaxation. Gather pictures and other things that remind you of your loss, person, pet, house or phase of your life you have lost. Try talking with family and friends about your memories. Funniest, worst, happiest, anything you share will help with adjusting to the loss. Play music that reminds you of your loss. Music is a powerful memory that can make you feel good or is comforting to you (Potter Perry, pg. 497). Progressive muscle relaxation may help with physiological tension. Exercise, fresh air, Sunshine, visiting with friends may all help. Deep breathing exercises may help reduce stress nd relax muscles (Potter Perry, pg. 497). Have a friend share in an activity that may have been your activity with what or whom you lost. An example would be if you went to breakfast every morning at McDonalds, it can make you sad and upset to think about going back there. Sharing the activity with a friend will not replace your loss, but may help establish a new routine for you. That is what grieving is about, facing and dealing with your new circumstances rather than avoiding them (Gipson, 2009). Many of these suggestions are easy things to do. What is not easy is managing negative motions. The grieving process does take time, but you can get through the loss and grief by dealing with your emotions one day at a time. None of these suggestions will take grief away, but may help to manage feelings and emotions that are experienced. Managing ones feelings can assist in feeling like the person is taking an active role again in their life. If the feelings a person experiences becomes overwhelming or significantly interferes with their life (can’t go to work, feeling suicidal, panic attacks, difficulty in carrying out every day routines, etc. ). This person ould likely benefit from seeing a therapist that can assist them with the grieving process and help them with acceptance and recovery (Buglass, 2010). Grieving can be difficult and a person does not have to go through this alo ne (Gipson, 2009). Case Study Three young men, Brad, Tom and Mike return home from active military duty with the loss of a lower leg while fighting for our country. Each man experiences their loss differently and uniquely. The first, Brad, is supported by his wife, parents, two children and many other family members and friends. Brad’s leg has healed and a useful diverse type of prosthesis has been itted to his lower leg. After many months of rehabilitation Brad is able to walk again with the use of his new prosthesis. The prosthesis fits well with no skin irritations. Brad is able to enjoy many of the things he did prior to losing the leg (fishing, dancing, playing ball with his child). Brad is a very spiritual man and with the help of his wife, parents, family and friends he has been able to accept his loss and move forward. The quality of life Brad once new has slowly returned to an almost normal state. Although Brad does miss the loss of is leg he has adjusted to his new life and faces daily challenges as they come. The second, Tom, is also supported by his wife, parents, one child and many friends and family. The leg due to infection took longer than Tom expected to heal delaying his recovery time. Tom had a useful diverse type prosthesis fitted to his lower leg. Tom attended many more months of rehabilitation than Brad, do to skin integrity problems. Skin issues have disrupted the daily use of the prosthesis interfering with Tom’s independence and lifestyle. Tom has had difficulty at first adjusting to his new lifestyle. Everyday tasks have been very challenging for Tom at times. Toms’ wife, parents, family and friends have een very supportive to Tom every step of the way. A remote controlled wheel chair is available for Tom on the days he is unable to wear his prosthesis. Tom has learned to do many tricks with his wheel chair and has joined a wheel chair basketball team because he likes showing off. Toms’ acceptance and recovery was a lot slower, but in the end he was abl e to adjust to his new lifestyle. The third, Mike, is supported by his wife, parents, family and friends. Mike was diagnosed with Diabetes after returning home from active duty. Mikes’ leg had a hard time healing due to infection and adjustment to having Diabetes. Mike did not like having Diabetes and would refuse to eat the right foods. Mikes’ blood sugar was out of control because of his refusal to take medication prescribed and frequently drinking. These actions were responsible for causing skin integrity problems. After a long, hard, trying year, the leg finally healed. Mike was fitted with a useful diverse type prosthesis. Skin issues continued to be a problem because of Mikes Diabetes and his refusal to eat healthy and take his medication properly. The prosthesis was painful and awkward for Mike to use. Just looking at the prosthesis filled Mike with such an incredible loss. Mike was angry with everyone that tried to help him. He sat day after day in a wheelchair drinking beer. Mike refused to take a bath, shave, eat, or go anywhere he might be seen by people that knew him. Mike would stay for days at a time in bed and refuse to get up. Counseling was verbally rejected every time counseling was brought up by anyone. Mikes’ doctor placed him on depression medication which he refused to take on a regular basis. Mikes friends stopped dropping by to see him. Mikes’ wife was having difficulties dealing with Mikes’ drinking and verbal abuse. She would argue with Mike till she cried and could no onger take Mikes’ drinking and feeling sorry for himself. His parents tried being very supportive, but also found Mike really difficult to deal with. Mike continued to drink and blamed everyone for the loss of his leg. Mike refused to accept the loss or move forward. Mikes’ wife finally after two years had all the verbal abuse she coul d handle and left him. Mike ended up moving back home and living with his parents. He still is unable to wear the prosthesis and to this day rarely leaves his parents’ home. As a nurse working with individuals, families and patients we need to be able to recognize hese individuals that are suffering. By listening to what the person is saying and their body language should be triggers for nurses if this is a person wanting, needing or requiring some kid of outside assistance. Chronic sorrow is characterized as pervasive, permanent, periodic sadness or other grief- related feelings associated with ongoing disparity resulting from a loss experience (Lindgren, Burke, Hainesworth, Eakes,1992). The concept of chronic sorrow as you have read may go hand in hand with the antecedents grief and loss. For a person to experience one, they can experience the other. Even though the loss may have been for seen or was totally unexpected, a person does not always overcome the loss or grief over night. For some people this may take days, weeks or even years. Then for others like Mike, they may be so devastated over the loss with grief that the loss is unbearable. They never overcome the loss and live with chronic sorrow. Reference Alligood, M. R. , Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing Theorists and Their Work (7th ed. ). Maryland Heights, Missouri: Mosby Elsevier Inc. Bickerstaff, K. A. , Grasser, C. M. , and McCabe, B. (2007). How elderly nursing home residents transcend losses of later life. Holistic Nursing Practice May/June 159-166 Bui, K. M. , Raugi, G. J. , Nguyen, V. Q. , Reiher, G. E. , (2009). Skin problems in individuals with lower-limb loss: Literature review and proposed classification system. Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development 46(11)1085-1090 Retrieved September 22, 2011, from: http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=12hid=17sid=fb4631bd-e30d-4d04-86b9-9daef0a7f731%40sessionmgr104bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3 d#db=rzhAN=2010582711 Castledine, G. ,(2002). Recognizing problems of loss in patients. Britsh Journal of Nursing Retrieved September 5, 2011, from: http://ezproxy. ardner webb. edu/login? url=http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=trued b=c8hAN=2009019179site=ehost-live. Chan, C. , NG, S. , HO, R. , Chow, A. , (2006). East meets West: applying Eastern spirituality in clinical practice. 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